3G network based security threats Essay

The key dangers for 3G arranges in context of mix of systems are: Wireless LAN client who doesn't approach 3G systems gain admittance to 3G administrations without membership. WLAN client accesses 3G arrange and makes issues, for example, Denial of Service WLAN client accesses 3G system and utilizations pantomime for utilizing the administration however charging different clients. Control of charging when administrations like calls are moved starting with one system then onto the next. Application and Data related dangers. Assortment of login subtleties and individual subtleties that are transmitted over the system by utilizing sniffing instruments and components, particularly when adequate vehicle security isn't set. Control of data utilized for client validation or administration access to access unapproved administrations or control of charging. Concentrates individual data that are utilized at different places, for example, charge card data. Get data about client, for example, changeless character in the system. Infection assaults from WLAN gadgets to different gadgets in the system Trojans and vindictive programming went starting with one end-gadget then onto the next. For volume based charging model, a maverick accomplice can flood the client with trash parcels to expand the invoiced sum. Noxious projects on the client terminal that expands the traffic to specific destinations or substance to wrongfully build the traffic. Security Considerations for 3G-WLAN Integrated Networks. The security system for 3G-WLAN coordinated systems comprises of different layers. Every security layer is free of different layers. Nonetheless, there should be a general security plot that associates all the security prerequisites together. Additionally, since a portion of the vulnerabilities can occur at different layers, an all encompassing methodology and system is required to address all the dangers of the extraordinary system. Validation security at the client terminal. The validation plot on account of 3G-WLAN ought to be founded on a test reaction convention like the current versatile correspondence verification conspire. This necessitates the validation subtleties in the client terminal to be put away safely on UICC or SIM card. This should bolster common validation and security components such EAP. Flagging and User Data Security. The endorser needs to have a similar degree of security as the versatile access that is indicated for the 3G systems. This implies the WLAN confirmation and re-verification systems must be at indistinguishable levels from for 3G USIM based access. It needs to help the keeping up meeting key check and support. Likewise the 3G frameworks ought to furnish the necessary keys with adequate length and levels of entropy that are required by the WLAN subsystem. WLAN key understanding, conveyance and verification system ought to be secure against any assaults by brokers. The WLAN get to innovation between the client hardware and the passageway/system ought to have the option to use the created meeting keying material to guarantee the trustworthiness of the association for confirmation. Security of User Identity. The keys utilized by 3G AAA work that are utilized for the age of brief characters that is utilized for the correspondence between the system component and the client terminal ought not be conceivable to recoup. In the event that it is conceivable to recover the keys, the perpetual personality can be gotten from any of the brief characters. Likewise it should be conceivable to veil the distinctive impermanent personalities comparing to the perpetual character.

Should Capital Punishment to Be Abolished or Not free essay sample

Tit for tat would make the entire world visually impaired. Mahatma Gandhi. This is an axiom that numerous individuals refer to when they pitch for the abolishment of the death penalty (capital punishment) from the legal procedure. The long rundown of the terms which are not exactly worthy in a majority rules system starts with terms like the death penalty and capital punishment. That, notwithstanding, doesnt imply that this type of discipline isn't satisfactory in a majority rule government. Indeed, two of the biggest majority rule governments on the planet India and the United States of America, both have the arrangement for the death penalty as a piece of their lawful framework. Without a doubt, the choice that death penalty might be the suitable assent in extraordinary cases is a declaration of the communitys conviction that specific wrongdoings are themselves so egregious an attack against mankind that the main satisfactory reaction might be the punishment of death. We will compose a custom article test on Should Capital Punishment to Be Abolished or Not or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The death penalty is a boorish endurance from a less edified and refined age; it is mixed up and contrary with our current standard of progress and humankind. It has been annulled by numerous states and nations, and we should anticipate the day when different governments will stick to this same pattern Capital discipline, otherwise called Death punishment, is basically the execution of a person as discipline for offense by a state. The violations which can prompt the death penalty are called capital wrongdoings or capital offenses. Prior, the slaughtering of lawbreakers and political rivals was pervasive in pretty much every human progress. With the time, almost all European and a few Pacific Area states (tallying Australia, New Zealand and Timor Leste), and Canada have nullified capital punishment. Most of states in Latin America have totally nullified the death penalty, be that as it may, a couple of nations, similar to Brazil, use capital punishment just in extraordinary circumstances, for instance, foul play submitted during wartime. There are still a significant number states and nations that hold the utilization of the death penalty, including the United States (the government and 36 of its states), Guatemala, greater part of the Caribbean, Japan, India, and Africa (Botswana and Zambia). In practically all retentionist nations, the death penalty is allowed as a punishment for arranged homicide, secret activities, foul play, or as a component of military equity. As of late, the instance of Mohammad Afzal, a fear based oppressor who was seen as blameworthy of affecting the assault on the Indian Parliament House, has sprung up the contention in regards to the Indian law of the death penalty. Right to Life Capital Punishment in India In India, the death penalty is conceded for various wrongdoings, tallying murder, starting a child’s self destruction, inciting war against the administration, demonstrations of psychological warfare, or a second proof for sedate dealing. Capital punishment is authoritatively allowed however it is to be utilized in the ‘rarest of rare’ cases according to the judgment of Supreme Court of India. Among the retentionist nations around the globe, India has the most reduced execution rate with only 55 individuals executed since freedom in 1947. Since the state of the ‘rarest of rare’ isn't actually characterized, in some cases even less horrendous homicides have been granted the death penalty inferable from poor support by legal advisors. Since 1992, there are around 40 kindness petitions pending before the president. The proposition for annulment of capital punishment for unimportant offenses was achieved however there was a ton of shout from legal advisors , judges and parliamentarians and the supposed defenders of social request. Multiple times the House of Commons passed the bill and multiple times the House of Lords dismissed the equivalent. With the progression of time, the voice for annulment of capital punishment became more grounded over the world particularly in Britain. Be that as it may, notwithstanding restriction, the bill was passed and the quantity of cases where the death penalty was granted was decreased quite a long time after year and capital punishment was held for offenses like homicide and treachery. As of now, on the planet 133 nations have annulled the death penalty dejure or defacto. 64 nations have held it. Bangladesh is one of them. (source: Amnesty International Website) In UK , capital punishment was nullified in 1965 aside from offenses of treachery and certain types of theft and offenses submitted by individuals from the Armed Forces during wartime. In India , the ongoing pattern is unmistakably towards the cancelation of capital punishment. Before the revision of Criminal Procedure Code in 1955, it was compulsory for a court to give explanations behind not granting capital punishment if there should be an occurrence of homicide. Under the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, the court needs to record purposes behind granting capital punishment. A merciful option of life detainment is increasing legal ground in India . In a main instance of Bachan Sing v. Territory of Punjab(1980) 2 SCC 684,the Supreme Court held by a larger part of four to one that the arrangements of capital punishment as an elective discipline for homicide in segment 302 of Penal Code was not outlandish and was in the open intrigue. The disagreeing perspective on Justice Bhagwati was that rather than capital punishment, the sentence of life detainment ought to be forced. He put accentuation on barbarity and cold-bloodedness engaged with capital punishment. It is unavoidable and can't be reviewed. It stifles the fire of life for ever. It is ruinous of the privilege to life which is the most valuable right of every one of the, a privilege without which pleasure in no other right is conceivable. Equity Bhagwati rejects the view that capital punishment goes about as an obstacle against potential killers. As per him, this view is a fantasy which has been painstakingly supported by a general public which is impelled less by rationale or reason as by a feeling of retaliation. End It has been vowed in the preface of the republics constitution that correspondence and equity will be made sure about for all residents. The freedom saints had committed their lives with the end goal of setting up a government assistance state in which basic human rights and opportunities and regard for the respect and worth of the human individual will be ensured. Assurance against brutal, barbaric, or corrupting discipline is a crucial right under workmanship. 35 (4) of the constitution. So opportunity has arrived to reevaluate capital punishment as a methods for discipline. The universes pattern is decisively towards the amendment of the guilty parties in lieu of perpetrating coldblooded, barbaric and corrupting discipline. Bangladesh as a law based nation can't fall behind. The state is experiencing aggregate increment of violations inferable from a lot of components, for example, absence of good administration, nonattendance of rule of law, defilement, patronisation of fear mongers, wide hole between those who are well off and the less wealthy, fierce legislative issues, etc. Rather than giving accentuation on evacuating these elements, we are wrongly endeavoring to check wrongdoings by causing excellent discipline. What is a rarest of uncommon case? In the Bachan Singh judgment of 1980, the Supreme Court decided that capital punishment ought to be utilized uniquely in the rarest of uncommon cases. In excess of a fourth of a century later, unmistakably through the disappointment of the courts and the State specialists to apply reliably the systems set somewhere near law and by that judgment, the Courts injuries stay unfulfilled. In a judgment conveyed in December 2006, a Supreme Court seat conceded the Courts inability to develop a condemning arrangement in capital cases (Aloke Nath Dutta and ors. . Province of West Bengal (MANU/SC/8774/2006)). The seat analyzed decisions in the course of recent decades in which the Supreme Court arbitrated upon whether a case was one of the rarest of the uncommon or not and finished up: What might establish a rarest of uncommon case must be resolved in the reality circumstance acquiring for each situation [sic]. We have likewise seen hereinbefore that various r ules have been received by various seats of this Court, in spite of the fact that the offenses are comparable in nature. Since the case included offenses under a similar arrangement, the equivalent without anyone else may not be a ground to set out any uniform rules for granting a capital punishment or a lesser punishment as a few factors along these lines are required to be mulled over. The disappointment of the Court was apparent when it expressed: No condemning arrangement in obvious terms has been developed by the Supreme Court. What would it be a good idea for us to do? In that specific decision, the Court drove the appellants capital punishment. Around the same time, in any case, another seat of the Supreme Court maintained capital punishment forced on a litigant who had sentenced for killing his better half and four youngsters (Bablu @ Mubarik Hussain v. Province of Rajasthan (AIR 2007 SC 697)). Subsequent to alluding to the significance of reorganization and restoration of wrongdoers as among the premier targets of the organization of criminal equity in the nation, the judgment simply alluded to the appellants statement of the homicides as proof of his absence of regret. There was no conversation of the particular circumstance of the litigant, the thought process in the killings or the chance of change for his situation. Capital punishment Statistics A glance at capital punishment insights of the world uncovers that around 90 percent of the nations have just nullified capital punishment. These nations incorporate Portugal, Venezuela, France, Canada, and so forth. This, be that as it may, hasnt ended up being as productive true to form, since a portion of the significant nations on the planet, including China, India and the United States, still ontinue the utilization of capital punishment execution as a piece of their lawful framework. Measurements likewise uncover that around 80 percent of capital punishment executions the world over, originate from the Asian nations, with China at the front line with the most noteworthy execution rate on the planet. Truth be told, the quantity of

Ginseng :: Essays Papers

Ginseng Premise of the Asian Science of Consumption The Asian convention of classifying food depends on the perception of one’s response after utilization. It is established in the hypothesis that food gives vitality to the body and brain. The extents and types of vitality fluctuate, some are amazingly invigorating while others may even debilitate the body and brain (3). The Asian word for vitality is ch’i, notwithstanding, its interpretation reaches out a long ways past the Western comprehension. It is fundamentally thought of as the soul or basic vitality existing in all creatures and components of life (water, air, earth, and so forth). The ch’i of a sound individual is adjusted. This thought of parity is the establishment of Asian deduction spoke to by the image of â€Å"yin and yang†. Yin is what might be compared to what is dim, cold, and sodden; while yang is related with light, warm, and dry components; in this way speaking to adjust. The thought of parity exists all around in all components and is spoken to or clarified by this image. Hence, since one’s vitality must be adjusted so as to remain solid, and further, since it is food that gives vitality, the Asians have made a study of utilization that powers the psyche and body from inside. Nourishments that reinforce the body by expanding or diminishing vitality levels as indicated by need are viewed as pu nourishments, as a rule having a tonic and animating impact. Nourishments of this nature are uncommon and set at significant expenses, yet since they are accepted to be critical in adjusting one’s ch’i many are happy to follow through on the significant expenses so as to achieve them. Anderson calls attention to in his article, Traditional Medical Values of Food, that pu nourishments are â€Å"famous worldwide as instances of the strange things people will eat and address significant expenses for†. Ginseng is the most profoundly respected and generally costly. It has kept up a sublime setting since old occasions. It is urgent to comprehend the extraordinary centrality that Asians place in nourishment to keep up balance so as to guarantee one’s wellbeing. It is likewise important to comprehend that accomplishing this equalization speaks to the most fundamental worry of life and subsequently outrageous measure might be taken to accomplish it. A Quick Introduction to Ginseng Ginseng is the normal name of the two types of the panax family, Araliaceae. Panax is the Asian species and panax quinquefolius is the American cousin (2).

Managerial Finance Annual Report and Accounts

Question: Portray about the Managerial Finance of Annual Report and Accounts. Answer: Presentation ASOS Plc is a universal style stop for youngsters, established in the year 2000 and headquartered in London, England. ASOS is a British delight and online store that plans to offer in excess of 80,000 marked and self-brand things with the help of web experiences and restricted portable from their separate habitats arranged in United States, China, United Kingdom, and Europe to approach about each spot on the planet (ASOS, 2015). Comparable to the budgetary year 2015, the organization was in an invaluable situation in the year since it announced an improvement of around 80% of deals in United Kingdom that incorporates around twelve percent of upgrade in worldwide deals goes with consistent benefits. ASOS has embraced different powerful strides to meet the fulfillment of its clients and has encircled procedures to improve its innovation advancements that have additionally helped with accomplishing the significant objectives of the organization (ASOS, 2015). The purchaser association of the organization keeps on being adequately high and building up every year. Moreover, the thought process of the organization stays firm in turning into the main in vogue spot for individuals particularly in the twenties (Deegan, 2011). Calculation of 5 Key Ratio Gainfulness Ratio These proportions are a class of practical measurements that are used to assess the capacity of a business to produce incomes or profit contrasted with its expenses and other related costs caused during a specific timeframe. Profit for resources Profit for resources is a marker of how gainful an organization is related to its all out resources. It offers a thought with regards to how successful administration is at using its resources for produce profit. It is calculable by isolating the absolute yearly profit of an organization by its all out resources and portrayed as a rate. Subsequently, better yield on resources proportion means better utilization of benefits by an organization. Profit for Assets 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net gain (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Resources (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Profit for Assets (I/II) 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.05 0.08 Net Profit Margin This proportion processes the profit or incomes made by an organization as a level of the all out deals attainable by it. In this manner, higher the qualifications between the incomes and costs, more is the companys net benefit (Christensen, 2011). Subsequently, net revenue proportion is advantageous in discovering the capacity of an organization to upgrade its profit without improving its expenses in a comparative sum. This proportion is processable by separating the total compensation of an organization by its all out deals during a year. The accompanying delineates the net revenue of ASOS Plc for as far back as five years: Net Profit Margin 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Total compensation (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Deals Revenue (II) 11,50,788 9,75,470 7,69,396 2,38,023 3,39,691 Net Profit Margin (I/II) 3.20 3.79 5.32 4.16 3.19 Liquidity Ratio This proportion gauges the capacity of an organization to take care of obligation commitments and its edge of wellbeing (MOS) through the calculation of measurements going with the present proportion, working income proportion, and snappy proportion (Choi Meek, 2011). Subsequently, to continue smooth activities of the organization, it needs to keep up an extent in between its fluid resources and non-fluid resources. Current proportion It is the proportion between current resources and current liabilities of an organization. The typical standard of a present proportion is normally two, which suggests that the benefits of an organization must be twofold of its liabilities so commitments can be effortlessly paid off. Thus, current proportion going underneath one is extremely risky for an organization (Davies Crawford, 2012) Current proportion is calculable by separating the present resources of an organization by its present liabilities. Current Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Current Assets (I) 3,37,098 2,60,662 2,33,132 1,47,638 83,809 Current Liabilities (II) 2,37,298 1,85,539 1,51,952 1,00,291 66,848 Current Ratio (I/II) 1.42 1.40 1.53 1.47 1.25 Effectiveness proportion This proportion normally applies to banks and as a rule terms, it suggests costs as a level of income with a couple of contrasts. It is used to assess how well an organization uses its liabilities and resources inside (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). It can figure the reimbursement of liabilities, turnover of receivables, essential utilization of apparatus and stock, and so on. It helps a financial specialist to encourage examination between at least two organizations of comparative industry. Income per share (EPS) The EPS of an organization is the bit of its benefit inferable from each exceptional portion of basic stock. It is processable by separating the all out income of an organization by its number of value shares (Fields, 0qq). The Earnings per portion of ASOS Plc during the five-year time frame are as per the following: Profit Per Share 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Complete Earnings inferable from proprietors 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 No of Shares 83,034 83,125 81,751 79,078 74,375 Profit Per Share 44.40 44.45 50.06 12.52 14.59 Dissolvability Ratio This proportion helps with estimating the ability of an organization to meet its drawn out obligations. Plus, the dissolvability proportion measures the organization size after assessment salary, not pleasing non-money devaluation costs, as differentiated to a companys net obligation commitment (Brealey et. al, 2011). At the end of the day, it helps with assessing the capital structure of an organization. Value Ratio This proportion is a sort of money related proportion that aids the calculation of measure of advantages financed by value. It quantifies the extent of net resources financed by partners, instead of loan bosses. It is calculable by separating the all out resources of an organization by its all out value (Brigham Daves, 2012). Additionally, ASOS doesn't have any influence and consequently obligation is missing. The accompanying depicts the value proportion of ASOS during the five-year time frame: Value Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 All out Equity (I) 2,37,315 1,93,031 1,59,799 1,05,987 72,120 All out Assets (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Value Ratio (I/II) 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.53 Value Earnings Ratio (P/E proportion) So as to register the Price Earnings proportion of ASOS Plc, it is significant to consider the offer costs of the organization and its past revealed income. The accompanying portrays the P/E proportion of ASOS dependent on a few sources: Market cost per share (value) = 4,606 (roughly) EPS (Earnings per share) = 44.40 P/E proportion is calculable by partitioning the cost per share by its profit per share. Consequently, the P/E proportion of ASOS reports at 4606/44.40 = 103.74 Since the present P/E proportion of the organization reports at around multiple times, it is assumable that a speculator is bound to forfeit a value that is 103.74 occasions the EPS of the organization. Examination dependent on above figuring Benefit Ratio-It is noticeable that the organization has accomplished critical development accomplishments notwithstanding the way that it has not existed for a drawn out period. Besides, its net overall revenue ranges from 3%-5% that is a decent marker. The ROTA of ASOC has additionally been firm and it is observable that the organization is endeavoring to create with each outperforming year. Both the net revenue and ROTA was at most extreme in 2013. Liquidity-The present proportion of ASOS reports around 1.5 consistently that isn't exceptionally valuable and yet, not all that hazardous to its liquidity. It is assumable that the companys liquidity is in a moderate zone. Productivity EPS of the organization helps with deciding its effectiveness. It is discernible that EPS has improved since the previous five years that means effective execution of methodologies, in this manner encouraging in better profit of the organization. Speculation The capital structure of the organization alludes to its venture and it is perceptible that its capital structure is liberated from obligation. This implies the organization tasks are led through the assets got from issue of offers (Albrecht et. al, 2011). Also, the dissolvability of ASOS Plc depends on its capital structure. Be that as it may, the value proportion of ASOS is likewise firm during the five years, which implies sufficient support of interest in value and resources in an equivalent extent that has encouraged in food of value proportion to be around 0.50. ASOS Plcs development of offer costs during 2014-2015 The beneath referenced diagram depicts the development of offer cost of ASOS during 2014-2015. It is noticeable that the organization share costs fluctuate from 4,194 GBP to 1,785 GBP in the year. In addition, the decrease in share costs was observable in the first place a very long time after which the organization made an immense jump and achieved its greatest in the period of April 2015 that detailed offer cost at 3000 GBP (ASOS Plc, 2016). End It is discernible that the total execution of the organization is very acceptable regardless of the way that it has been in activity for just sixteen years and still, it has figured out how to achieve great results. Besides, the organization has assumed a key job in satisfactory fulfillment of financial specialists through proper execution of the systems. This means the center quality and

Essay Topics on National Security - Current Issues

Essay Topics on National Security - Current IssuesThe topic for the essay topics on national security is in the news as national security issues are growing. The topic has become prominent over the past several years due to increased threats and changes in foreign policy. The essay topic for national security will assist the student in developing a strong argument. In this day and age, the essay topics on national security is key to having an argument that is compelling and can hold up to the most scrutiny.Some of the essay topics on national security are presented in the section on military and foreign policy. The discussion of this is brief but should be worth the investment of time in writing. An essay in this section will demonstrate a solid understanding of the current foreign policy challenges, and how they can be combated. The essay in this section will also demonstrate an ability to analyze foreign policy and how to use this knowledge to serve one's purposes.The next category in the essay topics on national security is current foreign policy. This is a very difficult subject to cover because there are many diverse interests, and opinions that come from this group. It is important that the essay writer includes all sides of the argument, because an essay in this section will include information that does not apply to other sections.The third part of the essay topics on national security is the topic of domestic policy. This section is similar to the previous section in that it examines both political and international concerns that affect our daily lives. For this section, the focus should be on foreign policy and national security. This section is important to discuss because it can offer insight into the current political issues facing our country.The final section is in the area of psychology and human behavior. This section offers the opportunity to examine international issues in an objective manner and to explain the significance of these issues to our daily lives. The essay in this section must include a clear explanation of why this topic is significant to our lives, and how these issues impact one's daily life.A major component of an essay on the topic of national security is a well-written introduction that describes the purpose of the essay. An introduction should be clear, concise, and lead the reader to a conclusion that will be more of a reason for the essay. An introduction is essential to the success of any essay.The final section of the essay topics on national security is the conclusion. This section gives the student the opportunity to reflect upon the subject matter covered throughout the essay. This final section is particularly important for the students who have chosen a unique course of study or area of interest. The student is allowed to customize this section according to their needs.The topic of the essay topics on national security can include things such as politics, foreign policy, economics, human beh avior, and many others. The students who plan to take this course are encouraged to prepare for this type of challenge.

Marketing management - 1375 Words

Marketing management (Term Paper Sample) Content: Marketing management: case analysis of Himalaya shampoo Insert Name Institution Instructor Date Marketing management: case analysis of Himalaya shampoo Introduction: Case synopsis The shampoo market in India had grown exponentially due to customers placing a high degree of importance on their physical appearance. Herbal brands and synthetic brands are widely used, however coming from a tradition of using herbs, Indians tend to prefer the herbal brands more than the synthetic ones. Himalaya shampoo is among the herbal brands of shampoo that had to compete with established and successful conventional and ethnic brands such as the Nyle, Meera, Gamble, and Unilever India. The challenge for Himalaya was to formulate a positioning strategy so that it can be able to reach out to consumers who strongly prefer herbal shampoos. This would require a deep analysis of the consumer beliefs associated with the non herbal offerings and the herbal offerings. Essentially, Himalaya shampoo needed a differentiation strategy to strengthen its brand image among consumers. It needed to use insights from the responses provided by consumers Analysis of the market Shampoo is a fast moving product in India and it has been projected to continue growing over the next few years. The consumer market is growing with the increase in number of consumers with high disposable income. The Indian market is divided into three segments including herbal, anti dandruff, and cosmetics. Himalaya shampoo is among the known brands offering herbal products for complete hare care. However, the market is highly competitive due to the threat of competition, new entrants, and substitute products. In the herbal segment of the shampoo market alone, Himalaya faces stiff competition from companies such as Vatika and Meera. Other top brands in the market include Garnier Fructis, Head and shoulders, Pantene, Dove, Clinic plus, and Sunsilk. The Indian market is led by Unilever India. The other top brands control 44 percent of the market Procter and Gamble as a single entity controls 25 percent of the market share. There are also numerous other brands dealing in herbal shampo o products. It is also easy for new entrants to penetrate the market. Penetration of the market in urban areas is at 100 percent while the rate in rural areas is 20 percent. These rates of market penetration are an indication that the new entrants pose a significant threat to the already established brands within the market. The threat of substitute products is relatively high as there are non herbal products that consumers can select over the herbal products. Furthermore, there is a little bit of processing involved in the herbal products. Customers can opt to choose synthetic products over the herbal ones however there is more inclination towards herbal products than towards synthetic products. Consumer preference in India helps to reduce the threat of substitute products. The Himalaya Branded products contain words such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"protein, anti dandruff, and anti hair fall' in them. These words provide an edge for the company's products over other synthetic products. Most of the non herbal products are anti dandruff and cosmetics used for personal hair care. The herbal products are comprehensive and offer complete solution for hair care. Case analysis The promotion and innovation of product are a common strategy used by marketers to protect shares and sales. However, these strategies are sometime expensive to maintain. From the case, Himalaya shampoo utilized a strategy that focused mainly on a feature of their product, the herbal nature of their shampoos to market itself. This is common among many organizations, especially the ones dealing in business to business marketing CITATION Pam051 \l 1033 (Seiple, 2005). The mistake that is commonly made is to focus primarily on a feature of a product and neglect the corporate brand. It is a consumer belief in India to use herbal shampoos compared to the non herbal products. The belief was borrowed from the traditional practices where people relied on herbs for personal hygiene and personal care. The analysis of consumer insight on the company's branded products was as important as the analysis of the company's corporate reputation and trust among consumers. Consumers in India are inclined more towards herbal shampoo than non herbal shampoos mainly because of the Ayurvedic system of healing. The system provides a wholesome approach into the diagnosis of diseases. It uses herbal remedies for the treatment of body ailments. Himalaya Shampoo would therefore use this information to improve their service innovation as a strategy for brand differentiation. This however would require the company to deeply understand its competitors in order to improve services delivery in a way different from its competitors. Service innovation implies going beyond the traditional focus on after sale support, availability, and price. Himalaya Shampoo's focus of differentiation was limited to availability of their products and the critical product features. The market is almost saturated with many players seeking for a share. Majority of the players are also using the idea of product feature to promote their products and differentiate their brands. Succeeding in such a situation requires innovation and adoption of new and effective strategies for differentiations. Service innovation transcends the differentiation strategies since the product itself is usually not enough to secure sales and to improve the performance of the company. The Himalaya Drug company is involved in the distribution, marketing, and manufacturing of several products including personal care products, health care products, animal care products, baby care products, and pharmaceuticals. It has a global operation with presence in more than 90 countries worldwide. It positioning targeted the high end market and the mid market segments. In order to penetrate the Indian market, the company had to brand its products using the Ayuvedic concept which forms a support basis for personal and healthcare products. This was important to survive in this market. According to O'guinn (2008) branding differentiation best occurs when a service or a product performs well using an important and specific customer benefit. For instance, from the case of Himalaya Shampoo, the Indian consumers are characterized by an inclination towards herbal products based on the Ayuvedic system. The Ayuvedic system is the customer benefit because consumers value this belief as par t of their traditions. Himalaya Shampoo brands its products differently in other markets. The Concept of Ayuvedic may not be practical in US market or the European market. A company that intends to be a leader in a particular category of a customer benefit offers a brand image that enables consumers to think of it once they feel the need of that particular benefit CITATION Kim04 \l 1033 (Kim, Park, Jeong, 2004). For instance, some companies are known for their low prices and whenever a consumer wishes to purchase a product at a low price, he or she will first think of ...

Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly

This exercise will give you practice in applying our Guidelines for Using Quotation Marks Effectively (U.S. edition). InstructionsInsert quotation marks wherever they are needed in the sentences below. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs I Gotta Feeling and Boom Boom Pow.Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her.In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love. Answers to the exercise Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs â€Å"I Gotta Feeling† and â€Å"Boom Boom Pow.†Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her. [no quotation marks]In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love.